Όλα αυτά τα χρόνια που υπάρχουν αυτοκίνητα, το concept του αυτοκινήτου έχει εξελιχθεί αρκετά. Νέες τεχνολογίες, έχουν κάνει την οδήγηση πιο εύκολη, πολύ πιο ασφαλή, πιο γρήγορη κτλ. Το θέμα είναι όμως ότι το αυτοκίνητο, παραμένει στην ουσία αυτοκίνητο. Τα θεμελιώδη χαρακτηριστικά του, τα γνωρίσματα και ο τρόπος λειτουργίας του, δεν έχουν αλλάξει τόσο ώστε να το κάνουν “αγνώριστο”. Στα χρόνια που θα ακολουθήσουν όμως, αυτό ίσως αλλάξει.
Το Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ή εν συντομία IEEE, ρώτησε 200 ακαδημαϊκούς, κυβερνητικούς και γενικά σχετικούς με το θέμα ανθρώπους, σχετικά με το concept του αυτόνομου αυτοκίνητου αλλά και το μέλλον του design αυτοκινήτων για να αποκτήσει μία γενική ιδέα του τι πιστεύει ο κόσμος πως θα έρθει τις επόμενες δεκαετίες.
Καθρέφτες, η κόρνα, το τιμόνι, τα πεντάλ κ.ά. χειριστήρια ή εξαρτήματα που τώρα θεωρούμε απαραίτητα σε ένα αυτοκίνητο, θα ανήκουν στο παρελθόν μέχρι το 2035 σύμφωνα με τους ειδικούς. Με λίγα λόγια, αυτό που ονομάζουμε τώρα αυτοκίνητο, θα είναι αρκετά διαφορετικό από αυτό που θα είναι τότε. Θα αλλάξει η λειτουργία τους. Θα γίνουν αυτόνομα. Θα είναι η πρώτη φορά, που το concept του αυτοκινήτου, θα αλλάξει δραστικά. Αν μη τι άλλου, στη θεωρία. Για την πράξη, θα πρέπει να περιμένουμε 20 χρόνια…
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IEEE Survey Reveals Mass-Produced Cars Will Not Have Steering Wheels, Gas/Brake Pedals, Horns, or Rearview Mirrors by 2035
Sensors and Software Are Most Instrumental Technologies, While Legal Liability and Policymakers Identified as Challenges to Mass Adoption of Driverless Cars
14 July 2014 – IEEE today unveiled the findings of a survey that revealed expert opinions about the future of driverless cars, such as speed bumps to mass adoption, essential autonomous technologies, features in the car of the future, and geographic adoption. More than 200 researchers, academicians, practitioners, university students, society members, and government agencies in the field of autonomous vehicles participated in the survey.
Speed Bumps to Mass Adoption
When survey respondents were asked to assign a ranking to six possible roadblocks to the mass adoption of driverless cars, legal liability, policymakers, and consumer acceptance were ranked as the biggest obstacles, while cost, infrastructure, and technology were viewed as the smaller speed bumps.
“Any time you have a technology that has the potential to fundamentally change our daily lives, laws and policies need to be established to ensure the technology is going to be used properly and benefit humanity. This is especially true with intelligent vehicles,” stated Yaobin Chen, IEEE Senior member and professor and chair of electrical and computer engineering at Purdue School of Engineering and Technology. “Once the foundational elements, like legal liability and policy, are in place, the technology and infrastructure will be there, so intelligent vehicles will become more widely accepted.”
Car of the Future
As more autonomous features are being incorporated into cars, it will enable them to be manufactured without some of the equipment that is commonplace today. When asked to specify the year in which specific equipment will be removed from mass-produced cars, the majority of respondents believe rearview mirrors, horns, and emergency brakes will be removed by 2030 and steering wheels and gas/brake pedals will follow by 2035. In addition, more than 75 percent of respondents also indicated that all 50 US states would pass legislation permitting use of driverless vehicles within this time period.
“We’ve seen incredible growth in the driverless vehicle industry over the past few years, both in technological advancement and manufacturer acceptance, that has dramatically affected the consumer adoption timetable,” stated IEEE Fellow Alberto Broggi, professor of computer engineering at the University of Parma in Italy and founder of VisLab. “The scientific community and car manufacturers have been working together to incrementally include autonomous features in modern-day cars, with the intention of producing driverless vehicles in the near future. For mass adoption, it’s important that we begin trusting this technology.”
Dynamic Autonomous Technologies
Advancements in technology will be the most instrumental in the continued development of driverless vehicles, with more than half (56 percent) of respondents believing that sensor technology is most essential, followed by software (48 percent), Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (47 percent), and GPS (31 percent).
“A driverless car needs a constant stream of information of the road and its environment to make calculated decisions, which are referred to as perception. Sensors are one of the most important and trusted technologies for advancing perception scenarios,” stated Christoph Stiller, IEEE member and professor at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany. “Sensors are small, non-intrusive, and offer reliable data. Also, sensor technology is relatively cheap and will be influential in creating affordable driverless vehicles.”
Along with sensors, creating digital maps of the road is a necessary function for allowing autonomous vehicles to travel safely on the roads. When asked to predict how long it will be before a complete digital map of the world will exist, nearly three quarters (74 percent) of respondents indicated these maps will be available within the next 15 years.
Geographical Acceptance of Driverless Cars
While autonomous cars will prove to be beneficial around the globe, the majority of experts (54 percent) believed that North America would most benefit from driverless vehicles, with Europe second (28 percent) and Asia (17 percent) rounding out the top three.
About the Survey
The survey was given to attendees at the IEEE Intelligent Vehicle Symposium in Dearborn, MI, USA, from 8 to 11 June, as well as distributed via e-mail to members of IEEE’s Intelligent Transportation Systems Society. Industry experience among participating experts of the survey ranged from university students to those with more than 20 years of experience. The analysis of the results revealed consistency through every experience level, indicating that time spent in the field was not a factor in providing insight into the future of the driverless vehicle industry.
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